One area in Indonesia that took up arms for independence from the colonizers is Aceh. Aceh people, both men and women, in general moved forward willingly to fight to the battlefield. They are willing martyrdom to defend our national goals, and for the sake of religion and nation. One national hero who came from Aceh is Tgk Chik Di Tiro. The cleric was appointed as a national hero by Presidential Decree No. 087 / TK / 1973 dated 6 November 1973.
Dutch Colonial War in Aceh
Aceh
which is the farthest province is located, to the north of the island
of Sumatra, the most western part and the most western and most
northerly of the islands of Indonesia. Astronomically, Aceh is located between 950 13 'and 980 17' east longitude and 20 8 'and 50 40' LU2 (JMBRAS, 1879: 129). This area covers an area of 55 390 km. Dengandemikian, geographically, Aceh has a very strategic location. This area is located at the edge of the waterway. Because
of its location at the edge of the waterway, then this area pentingpula
from the standpoint of traffic internasionai so is the gateway
sebelahbarat Indonesian archipelago. Since
the Neolithic era, the Strait of Malacca is an important waterway in
the migration of peoples in Asia, India and the movement of cultural
expansion as the world jalanniaga Malacca Strait is the link between the
two cultural centers of China and India. Therefore,
it is not surprising that the area around the waterway has always had
an important role throughout the history of Indonesia motion. Emergence and development of the kingdom around the region is not
possible we separate from a very strategic geographical location is.Due
to this strategic geographical situation brings a lot of impact Aceh
attended by various foreign nations with a variety of motives and
interests, both culturally, politically, and economically. With
various motives and interests will be able to bring a positive and
negative impacts also for the development of the history of Aceh itself.
Among
foreign nations (West) there is a nation that intends to stick nails
Aceh power on earth, so that arose in the form of perlawananperlawanan
reaction against foreign nations who commit such acts. One of the first foreign nation that faced the resistance of the people of Aceh are Portuguese. Since the Portuguese occupied Malacca in 1511 Aceh felt his position threatened. Therefore Aceh tried to fight and expel the Portuguese from Malacca. Aceh's conflict-Portuguese lasted throughout the sixteenth century until the end of the century XVIl intersection. Attacks
against the Portuguese position repeatedly carried out, the first in
1537 and the last in 1568. In the latest attack, Aceh has used force
consisting of 15,000 people in Aceh, 400 Turkey, accompanied by 200
large and small cannon ( Djajadiningrat, 1961: 65). Other foreign nation that seeks stick nails power on earth Aceh is Dutch.
Pioneering proclamation of war Aceh by the Netherlands was announced by the government commissioner who concurrently Vice President of the Council of the Indies FN Nieuwenhuijn, beginning with the signing of the Treaty of Sumatra between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in 1871, which, among others, "to give freedom to the Dutch untukmemperluas power on the island of Sumatra" so no further obligation for the Netherlands to respect the rights and sovereignty of Aceh that had previously been recognized, either by Dutch and Britain as listed in the Treaty of London, signed in 1824. On Wednesday, March 26, 1873 from the deck of a warship Citadel Van Antwerp - are anchored in the island of Sabang in Aceh mainland - Dutch proclaim war on Aceh. From then on, Aceh doomed and the Netherlands itself faces a battle of the most powerful, largest and longest since its presence in the archipelago. However, proclamation of war is not necessarily followed by the military physical activity because the Dutch are still waiting for gathering power of war who are moving toward Aceh and Dutch warships that have arrived in Aceh continue to conduct reconnaissance and provocation in the waters of Aceh. In addition, the Netherlands sent a letter to the Sultan who asked that he recognizes the sovereignty of the Netherlands. Stated also that Aceh has violated articles of the agreement in 1857.The deadline given 1 x 24 hours by the Dutch to the Sultan of Aceh shows that the Netherlands is really going to attack. The answer given by Sultan far from satisfactory even in the world confirmed that no one except God alone is sovereign. (Said, 1961: 397) Faced with the reality of war that would soon erupt, then Aceh mobilization, both around the coast directly opposite the Dutch fleet as in Ule Lheue. Ceureumen beach, Kuta Meugat, Kuala Aceh and in other strategic places and centers of power in the Grand Mosque, Peunayong, Meuraxa Paseh Lam, Lam Handshake, King Umong, Punje, Seutuy, and around In (Kraton Sultan).Finally, the follow-up of the Netherlands to the Aceh war proclamation into reality. On April 6, 1873 the strength of 3,200 soldiers and 168 officers led JHR Kohler, the Dutch landed troops in Turkish Ceureumen (Sofyan, 1990: 26). Thus, it seems obvious malicious intent Netherlands to stick his power on earth Aceh. An official colonial war has flown by the Dutch. This war became known by the people of Aceh as "Dutch War or War Kaphe Ulanda", which by the Netherlands known as the "War of Aceh".Later, beach Ceureumen became a sea of blood. Many members of the Dutch troops and the people of Aceh were killed. According to the records of the Acehnese fighters who died estimated 900 people (Reid, 1969: 21-35). Nevertheless, these Dutch first attack was considered a failure because it does not successfully subdue Aceh. In addition to the strength of the resistance, lack of information about Aceh and the unfavorable state of the season into the first strike because the Dutch have failed. JHR Kohler as the warlord was killed was shot by a trooper near Masjid Raya Aceh. The Netherlands can not master the palace. They were repulsed with heavy losses suffered, 45 people were killed, including eight his officers and 405 people were injured including 23 officers. On 29 April 1873 the Dutch troops pulled back to Batavia (Sofyan, 1990: 85).
This shows that the Netherlands does not know the condition of Aceh as a whole. Holland originally suspected Aceh can be conquered as easily as other regions in Indonesia. According to the Netherlands at the time of Aceh are in a period of decline when compared to the previous periods, in terms of both political and economic terms. About this Kraijnhoof, for example, concludes that the situation in Aceh sultanate weak government and military equipment by no means be compared with the Netherlands. Therefore, the Dutch dare to attack Aceh. But the fact the Dutch war in Aceh includes not only economic and political problems, but there are other aspects that are not taken into account by the Netherlands, so the Dutch defeat (Ahmad, et al, 1993: 4).This led to the failure of the first expansion doubled the Dutch government troops to subdue Aceh. To that end, the Dutch call a retired general, J. Van Swieten. He was appointed as commander of the war in this second aggression with force 249 officers and 6,950 soldiers (Sofyan, 1990: 28). Shoulders are heavy duty to attack and seize him Aceh and also authorized an agreement with the sultan. Besides being a warlord, he was appointed as well as the Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies government in Aceh. In this second Dutch aggression managed to occupy the palace and mosque feast on 24 January 1874. However, the Netherlands did not manage to capture the Sultan and his family. Meanwhile, the Sultan and his family and his followers had already retreated to Longbata on January 15, 1874 that Van Swieten attempt to capture the Sultan fiasco. The new place is Sultan established the defense headquarters. Together with Commander Polem and other followers, sultan determined to continue the struggle against the Dutch. But bad luck can not be avoided Sultan Mahmud Shah, he attacked a cholera outbreak and died on January 29, 1874 in the Ayer fence and buried in Cot Bada (Pusponegoro, et al, 1992: 249). As a successor was appointed Sultan Muhammad Daud were still small as the Sultan of Aceh.Since then the Dutch government with an assortment of political finesse trying to conquer the whole of Aceh as is done in various regions in Indonesia. Magnifying kingdom. commander and Acehnese who still love the independence refuge inland and hold resistance. At the time Seulimum fall in 1879 can be said throughout Aceh Three Sagi at the mercy of the Netherlands and the civilian government was running smoothly (Jacob, 1952: 21). The fighters retreated to areas that are still free. Sultan Muhammad Daud were still small and his entourage fled to the hinterland in Keumala, Pidie area, while the people of fighters retreated to Mount Biram Lamtamot, at the foot of Mount seulawah. They do not want to give up, let me die in the woods, just do not arrest the enemy. But resistance is no longer a regular basis.The fighters who were at the foot of Mount Selawah the long run can not wait and suffer continuously in the forest mosquitoes resist malaria and malnutrition. Therefore, there was then among the two groups of these fighters, were forced to give up and return home because they do not endure much longer. There is also a climbing seulawah towards Pidie area looking for rocks to continue the struggle. In early 1881, they arrived in Tiro meet TGK Chik Muhammad AminDayah Tjoet, a scholar Tiro who have a major influence. Twice held meetings between leaders and scholars around the Pidie. His decision was appointed TGK Sjech Saman, known then by TGK Chik Di Tiro, commander of the war to reclaim the country that have fallen into enemy hands.Thus, in a very precarious condition in which the palace, mosque highway, other areas controlled by the Dutch as well as the spirit of a fighter who begins to decline is very appropriate that later appeared TGK leadership Sjech Muhammad Saman. He was a fighter who buzzed the war in the way of Allah, Holy War. Anyone who die on the battlefield, so-called martyrdom, heaven are the reward. In the end, the war echoed spread across the province. Bahumembahu whole society to take up arms to expel the Dutch from earth Aceh.Childhood-YoungMuhammad Saman were then known as TGK Chik Di Tiro, was the son of Sjech Tengku Abdullah, son of the village TGK Sjech Ubaydallah Garot Samaindra country, Sigli. His mother named Siti Aishah, the daughter of TGK Sjech Abdussalam Tiro Young children Leube Polem Tjot Rheum, brother of Muhammad Amin Chik TGK Dajah Tjoet. He was born in 1836 AD, coincided with Hijri 1251 in Krueng Dajah Kenegerian Tjombok Lamlo (City Bakti) (Zentgraff, 1982: 29). Tengku Chik Di Tiro had five sons namely TGK Mat Amin, Mahidin TGK, TGK in Tungkob, TGK in Buket (TGK Muhammad Ali Zainulabidin), and TGK Lambada. Tengku Chik Di Tiro's boyhood living in the religious community and hang out with his father, who teaches a variety of science in Garot. After a 15-year-old he moved to learn at his uncle TGK Chik dayah Tjoet di Tiro in bermacammacam science. Later, he moved to learn on Muhammad Arsyad TGK (TGK Chik in Jan at Ie Leubeu). After that, he was studying again at TGK Abdullah Dajah meunasah Blang. Finally, he studied at TGK Chik Cape Bungong in Cape Bungong. However TGK Chik Di Tiro is not satisfied with the knowledge that is gained over the years. Therefore, he then went to Lam Krak, Aceh Besar to broaden horizons and vision.After two years there, he returned to the Tiro and teaching with his uncle TGK dayah Tjoet. With the advent of Muhammad Saman di Tiro and taught at the school led to schools becoming increasingly popular among the people of Aceh. After several years in Tiro he was moved to perform the pilgrimage and further deepen religious knowledge as well as add insight in Mecca. Before his departure to Mecca he asked the blessing of her uncle who once TGK teacher Dayah Tjoet in Lam Krak. During in TGK Krak Lam Chik Di Tiro had fought against the Dutch because he was invited by his friends. Therefore, there is a letter from parnannya that he return to Tiro and immediately perform the pilgrimage, then TGK Chik Di Tiro left other friends-friends-in-arms and went pilgrimage. SeIain Hajj in Mecca, TGK Chik Di Tiro also use the time to meet Islamic leaders who were there. Of those, TGK Chik Di Tiro know about the struggles of the leaders in the fight against imprialisme and colonialism. In addition, he also met with other Islamic fighters who came from Java, Sumatra, Borneo and other islands in Indonesia. From the results of religious education and experience while in Mecca and joined the struggle in Lam Krak embedded in his soul that is rooted deep and firm. In accordance with the teachings of the religion he believes in, TGK Chik Di Tiro able to sacrifice anything good possessions, position, or his life for the sake of religion and nation. This belief is demonstrated in real life. TGK Chik Di Tiro accept the appointment of commander of the war by the people and the clergy.
The Period of Struggle
When first beginning TGK Chik Di Tiro fight, he did not mernpunyai anything. The response to any struggle there is cynical to him. Tengku Chik Di Tiro was not a descendant of the commander, he was only a pilgrim and scholars. Facing the cynicism some people, TGK Chik Di Tiro accept patiently. It even makes a challenge to be conquered. The first attempt did was to evoke the spirit of the fighters and the fighters gather in a solid unity that can not be broken apart. To that end, iamengadakan traveling around Aceh. On each occasion he stopped somewhere, he held lectures in mosques or hold a feast. On that occasion he used to spread his teachings about war Sabil, awaken the people to fight against the infidels, striving in the way blessed by God, as well as to obtain any information from those present.In addition, he also sent a letter to the uleebalangs and keuchik that can not be contacted orally that contains sacred calling to them to fight in Allah's cause, both to those who have mengakul sovereignty and sided with the Netherlands as well as to those who for some reason back again to my hometown. The call is addressed to foreign priests, Teungku-teungku, keuchik, commander, and eventually to all the Muslims and especially also for Teuku Nek Meuraxa, Tengku Panglima Masjid Raya and Teuku Malikul Fair. The call which contain a call Holy War is reinforced by Tale of Holy War. Sabii War ideology emerged since the seventeenth century revived through Holy War Tale in the second half of the nineteenth century when the country was hit by an attack infidels so many common people interested sabil war movement is echoed by TGK Chik Di Tiro. Holy War cry echoed by TGK Chik Di Tiro got a warm welcome from all walks of life, both clerical and commander. With the help of these, TGK Chik Di Tiro stronger and ready to face the Netherlands. Results of operations gather strength was not in vain. This cleric managed to collect as much strength of 6000 troops (sofyan, 1990: 36).Movement of Holy War forces TGK Chik Di Tiro began to show its effect. Dutch East Indies government in Aceh began to hear the movements of this war. But they do not yet know who the TGK Chik Di Tiro. Governor Van der Heyden call state Aceh in a report as follows: "The atmosphere in Aceh now like a fire in the husk ...." (Sofyan, 1990: 49). After the preparation is enough, then immediately taken the first step of deciding the relationship between the Dutch fort Holy War forces cut telephone wires between the castle so that they can not be interconnected. As headquarters, TGK Chik Di Tiro build a strong fortress in Mureu. The location of this castle has a very strategic location that is located on the edge of Krueng Inong.Then, open the attack carried out by attacking the position of the Netherlands in Krueng Jreu bentengbenteng, Gle Kameng, and Indrapuri. The third fort was attacked out by troops Holy War. Finally the third castle can be captured by the troops of Holy War in 1881. The Netherlands can be beaten back from the third fort and finally fortifications in Lambaro, Aneuk Galong, and Samahani. During the period of 1882-1883 occurred a tremendous battle between the two parties. TGK forces Chik Di Tiro a lot of progress. Some can be captured from the Dutch fortress like castle in Krueng Raja and Kadju. Because of the strong pressure TGK forces Chik Di Tiro, then finally the Dutch were withdrawing from one of the strongest fortress during the time in Aneuk Galong and retreated to Lambaro and Keutapang two. To defend against the Netherlands makes a line extending from Kuta concentration Pohama to Keutapang Two. TGK Chik Di Tiro tried to capture it from the sea, but has not succeeded.On March 5, 1883 Governor Van Der Hoeven told the central government in Java on the condition of Aceh. But then the governor is instead replaced by Tobias Laging PF on 16 March 1883. During his reign the Netherlands face serious problems until he issued a report saying that the Dutch in Aceh almost desperate (Sofyan, 1990: 57). At that time, TGK Chik Di Tiro had also attacked Kutaraja, although not successfully capture it. A Dutch controuler J.P. Van der Lith died while Pang Nyak commander of the Aceh killed Hasan (Sofyan, 1990: 35). Dutch saw almost fell, TGK Chik Di Tiro gave an ultimatum to the Netherlands by sending a letter to Assistant Resident Van Langen in 1885 to conduct peace. TGK Chik Di Tiro willing to make peace with the Netherlands if the Dutch are willing to convert to Islam. However, this letter does not receive any reaction from the Dutch. For three years, peace letter filed by TGK Chik Di Tiro is not reciprocated. On May 1888, he sent another letter in the same tone to the Netherlands. But this time no effort TGK Chik Di Tiro invites Netherlands to make peace by inviting them to Islam did not succeed. Similarly, the Dutch effort to invite scholars have reconciled and are willing to dwell in Kutaraja unsuccessful. Finally TGK Chik Di Tiro was thereafter never again invite reconciled to the Netherlands. Since the failure of TGK Chik Di Tiro called for peace with the Netherlands has been ongoing fighting in various places around the city such as the lord and Peukan Krueng Tjoet. Of the battles that have taken place in many places do not know how many losses falling on the Dutch side, there is no exact figure. During the ruling Dutch Governor Van Teijn use the strategy of "Wait and See" is waiting until circumstances change. In fact the strategy adopted this Dutch results are far from the expected. The Netherlands is often hit back at many battles. Finally, to compensate pasukarr Aceh Netherlands form a new army corps called Marsose Corps under the leadership of J. Notten on 2 April 1890.Although the Netherlands formed a corps Marsose TGK Chik Di Tiro continue to fight against the Netherlands no less fierce compared to previous years. The spirit of the troops was never dashed against the Netherlands. During 1890 TGK TGK son Muhammad Amin Chik Di Tiro oldest already co-led troops. Several times he got injured and had to be transported to Aneuk Galong.
Final StruggleKnowing that the soul of Holy War contained in TGK Chik Di Tiro, the Netherlands attempted to kill these scholars. Dutch back finesse pitting where one noble ambition to become commander sagi being used to kill the cleric. TGK Chik Di Tiro invited to Tui Seilemeung and in the fortress that these scholars were given poisoned food. TGK Chik Di Tiro then fell ill. On January 25, 1891 This cleric died in Aneuk Galong. Struggle forwarded by other children. None can be said to be among the children who were not involved in the war against the Dutch. Greatness and influence of this family can be described as claimed by Zentgraaf (1982) as follows. "There is not one family Acehpun that time, which was so great in the Aceh War, in addition to the family of scholars Tiro, nor any other Acehnese families, who continued the struggle until the last drop of blood, in addition to the family. This family in the war, an operation targeted attack our army, which is a portion of the most impressive in the history of the war in Aceh and can be a source of stories of heroism "
Pioneering proclamation of war Aceh by the Netherlands was announced by the government commissioner who concurrently Vice President of the Council of the Indies FN Nieuwenhuijn, beginning with the signing of the Treaty of Sumatra between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom in 1871, which, among others, "to give freedom to the Dutch untukmemperluas power on the island of Sumatra" so no further obligation for the Netherlands to respect the rights and sovereignty of Aceh that had previously been recognized, either by Dutch and Britain as listed in the Treaty of London, signed in 1824. On Wednesday, March 26, 1873 from the deck of a warship Citadel Van Antwerp - are anchored in the island of Sabang in Aceh mainland - Dutch proclaim war on Aceh. From then on, Aceh doomed and the Netherlands itself faces a battle of the most powerful, largest and longest since its presence in the archipelago. However, proclamation of war is not necessarily followed by the military physical activity because the Dutch are still waiting for gathering power of war who are moving toward Aceh and Dutch warships that have arrived in Aceh continue to conduct reconnaissance and provocation in the waters of Aceh. In addition, the Netherlands sent a letter to the Sultan who asked that he recognizes the sovereignty of the Netherlands. Stated also that Aceh has violated articles of the agreement in 1857.The deadline given 1 x 24 hours by the Dutch to the Sultan of Aceh shows that the Netherlands is really going to attack. The answer given by Sultan far from satisfactory even in the world confirmed that no one except God alone is sovereign. (Said, 1961: 397) Faced with the reality of war that would soon erupt, then Aceh mobilization, both around the coast directly opposite the Dutch fleet as in Ule Lheue. Ceureumen beach, Kuta Meugat, Kuala Aceh and in other strategic places and centers of power in the Grand Mosque, Peunayong, Meuraxa Paseh Lam, Lam Handshake, King Umong, Punje, Seutuy, and around In (Kraton Sultan).Finally, the follow-up of the Netherlands to the Aceh war proclamation into reality. On April 6, 1873 the strength of 3,200 soldiers and 168 officers led JHR Kohler, the Dutch landed troops in Turkish Ceureumen (Sofyan, 1990: 26). Thus, it seems obvious malicious intent Netherlands to stick his power on earth Aceh. An official colonial war has flown by the Dutch. This war became known by the people of Aceh as "Dutch War or War Kaphe Ulanda", which by the Netherlands known as the "War of Aceh".Later, beach Ceureumen became a sea of blood. Many members of the Dutch troops and the people of Aceh were killed. According to the records of the Acehnese fighters who died estimated 900 people (Reid, 1969: 21-35). Nevertheless, these Dutch first attack was considered a failure because it does not successfully subdue Aceh. In addition to the strength of the resistance, lack of information about Aceh and the unfavorable state of the season into the first strike because the Dutch have failed. JHR Kohler as the warlord was killed was shot by a trooper near Masjid Raya Aceh. The Netherlands can not master the palace. They were repulsed with heavy losses suffered, 45 people were killed, including eight his officers and 405 people were injured including 23 officers. On 29 April 1873 the Dutch troops pulled back to Batavia (Sofyan, 1990: 85).
This shows that the Netherlands does not know the condition of Aceh as a whole. Holland originally suspected Aceh can be conquered as easily as other regions in Indonesia. According to the Netherlands at the time of Aceh are in a period of decline when compared to the previous periods, in terms of both political and economic terms. About this Kraijnhoof, for example, concludes that the situation in Aceh sultanate weak government and military equipment by no means be compared with the Netherlands. Therefore, the Dutch dare to attack Aceh. But the fact the Dutch war in Aceh includes not only economic and political problems, but there are other aspects that are not taken into account by the Netherlands, so the Dutch defeat (Ahmad, et al, 1993: 4).This led to the failure of the first expansion doubled the Dutch government troops to subdue Aceh. To that end, the Dutch call a retired general, J. Van Swieten. He was appointed as commander of the war in this second aggression with force 249 officers and 6,950 soldiers (Sofyan, 1990: 28). Shoulders are heavy duty to attack and seize him Aceh and also authorized an agreement with the sultan. Besides being a warlord, he was appointed as well as the Commissioner of the Dutch East Indies government in Aceh. In this second Dutch aggression managed to occupy the palace and mosque feast on 24 January 1874. However, the Netherlands did not manage to capture the Sultan and his family. Meanwhile, the Sultan and his family and his followers had already retreated to Longbata on January 15, 1874 that Van Swieten attempt to capture the Sultan fiasco. The new place is Sultan established the defense headquarters. Together with Commander Polem and other followers, sultan determined to continue the struggle against the Dutch. But bad luck can not be avoided Sultan Mahmud Shah, he attacked a cholera outbreak and died on January 29, 1874 in the Ayer fence and buried in Cot Bada (Pusponegoro, et al, 1992: 249). As a successor was appointed Sultan Muhammad Daud were still small as the Sultan of Aceh.Since then the Dutch government with an assortment of political finesse trying to conquer the whole of Aceh as is done in various regions in Indonesia. Magnifying kingdom. commander and Acehnese who still love the independence refuge inland and hold resistance. At the time Seulimum fall in 1879 can be said throughout Aceh Three Sagi at the mercy of the Netherlands and the civilian government was running smoothly (Jacob, 1952: 21). The fighters retreated to areas that are still free. Sultan Muhammad Daud were still small and his entourage fled to the hinterland in Keumala, Pidie area, while the people of fighters retreated to Mount Biram Lamtamot, at the foot of Mount seulawah. They do not want to give up, let me die in the woods, just do not arrest the enemy. But resistance is no longer a regular basis.The fighters who were at the foot of Mount Selawah the long run can not wait and suffer continuously in the forest mosquitoes resist malaria and malnutrition. Therefore, there was then among the two groups of these fighters, were forced to give up and return home because they do not endure much longer. There is also a climbing seulawah towards Pidie area looking for rocks to continue the struggle. In early 1881, they arrived in Tiro meet TGK Chik Muhammad AminDayah Tjoet, a scholar Tiro who have a major influence. Twice held meetings between leaders and scholars around the Pidie. His decision was appointed TGK Sjech Saman, known then by TGK Chik Di Tiro, commander of the war to reclaim the country that have fallen into enemy hands.Thus, in a very precarious condition in which the palace, mosque highway, other areas controlled by the Dutch as well as the spirit of a fighter who begins to decline is very appropriate that later appeared TGK leadership Sjech Muhammad Saman. He was a fighter who buzzed the war in the way of Allah, Holy War. Anyone who die on the battlefield, so-called martyrdom, heaven are the reward. In the end, the war echoed spread across the province. Bahumembahu whole society to take up arms to expel the Dutch from earth Aceh.Childhood-YoungMuhammad Saman were then known as TGK Chik Di Tiro, was the son of Sjech Tengku Abdullah, son of the village TGK Sjech Ubaydallah Garot Samaindra country, Sigli. His mother named Siti Aishah, the daughter of TGK Sjech Abdussalam Tiro Young children Leube Polem Tjot Rheum, brother of Muhammad Amin Chik TGK Dajah Tjoet. He was born in 1836 AD, coincided with Hijri 1251 in Krueng Dajah Kenegerian Tjombok Lamlo (City Bakti) (Zentgraff, 1982: 29). Tengku Chik Di Tiro had five sons namely TGK Mat Amin, Mahidin TGK, TGK in Tungkob, TGK in Buket (TGK Muhammad Ali Zainulabidin), and TGK Lambada. Tengku Chik Di Tiro's boyhood living in the religious community and hang out with his father, who teaches a variety of science in Garot. After a 15-year-old he moved to learn at his uncle TGK Chik dayah Tjoet di Tiro in bermacammacam science. Later, he moved to learn on Muhammad Arsyad TGK (TGK Chik in Jan at Ie Leubeu). After that, he was studying again at TGK Abdullah Dajah meunasah Blang. Finally, he studied at TGK Chik Cape Bungong in Cape Bungong. However TGK Chik Di Tiro is not satisfied with the knowledge that is gained over the years. Therefore, he then went to Lam Krak, Aceh Besar to broaden horizons and vision.After two years there, he returned to the Tiro and teaching with his uncle TGK dayah Tjoet. With the advent of Muhammad Saman di Tiro and taught at the school led to schools becoming increasingly popular among the people of Aceh. After several years in Tiro he was moved to perform the pilgrimage and further deepen religious knowledge as well as add insight in Mecca. Before his departure to Mecca he asked the blessing of her uncle who once TGK teacher Dayah Tjoet in Lam Krak. During in TGK Krak Lam Chik Di Tiro had fought against the Dutch because he was invited by his friends. Therefore, there is a letter from parnannya that he return to Tiro and immediately perform the pilgrimage, then TGK Chik Di Tiro left other friends-friends-in-arms and went pilgrimage. SeIain Hajj in Mecca, TGK Chik Di Tiro also use the time to meet Islamic leaders who were there. Of those, TGK Chik Di Tiro know about the struggles of the leaders in the fight against imprialisme and colonialism. In addition, he also met with other Islamic fighters who came from Java, Sumatra, Borneo and other islands in Indonesia. From the results of religious education and experience while in Mecca and joined the struggle in Lam Krak embedded in his soul that is rooted deep and firm. In accordance with the teachings of the religion he believes in, TGK Chik Di Tiro able to sacrifice anything good possessions, position, or his life for the sake of religion and nation. This belief is demonstrated in real life. TGK Chik Di Tiro accept the appointment of commander of the war by the people and the clergy.
The Period of Struggle
When first beginning TGK Chik Di Tiro fight, he did not mernpunyai anything. The response to any struggle there is cynical to him. Tengku Chik Di Tiro was not a descendant of the commander, he was only a pilgrim and scholars. Facing the cynicism some people, TGK Chik Di Tiro accept patiently. It even makes a challenge to be conquered. The first attempt did was to evoke the spirit of the fighters and the fighters gather in a solid unity that can not be broken apart. To that end, iamengadakan traveling around Aceh. On each occasion he stopped somewhere, he held lectures in mosques or hold a feast. On that occasion he used to spread his teachings about war Sabil, awaken the people to fight against the infidels, striving in the way blessed by God, as well as to obtain any information from those present.In addition, he also sent a letter to the uleebalangs and keuchik that can not be contacted orally that contains sacred calling to them to fight in Allah's cause, both to those who have mengakul sovereignty and sided with the Netherlands as well as to those who for some reason back again to my hometown. The call is addressed to foreign priests, Teungku-teungku, keuchik, commander, and eventually to all the Muslims and especially also for Teuku Nek Meuraxa, Tengku Panglima Masjid Raya and Teuku Malikul Fair. The call which contain a call Holy War is reinforced by Tale of Holy War. Sabii War ideology emerged since the seventeenth century revived through Holy War Tale in the second half of the nineteenth century when the country was hit by an attack infidels so many common people interested sabil war movement is echoed by TGK Chik Di Tiro. Holy War cry echoed by TGK Chik Di Tiro got a warm welcome from all walks of life, both clerical and commander. With the help of these, TGK Chik Di Tiro stronger and ready to face the Netherlands. Results of operations gather strength was not in vain. This cleric managed to collect as much strength of 6000 troops (sofyan, 1990: 36).Movement of Holy War forces TGK Chik Di Tiro began to show its effect. Dutch East Indies government in Aceh began to hear the movements of this war. But they do not yet know who the TGK Chik Di Tiro. Governor Van der Heyden call state Aceh in a report as follows: "The atmosphere in Aceh now like a fire in the husk ...." (Sofyan, 1990: 49). After the preparation is enough, then immediately taken the first step of deciding the relationship between the Dutch fort Holy War forces cut telephone wires between the castle so that they can not be interconnected. As headquarters, TGK Chik Di Tiro build a strong fortress in Mureu. The location of this castle has a very strategic location that is located on the edge of Krueng Inong.Then, open the attack carried out by attacking the position of the Netherlands in Krueng Jreu bentengbenteng, Gle Kameng, and Indrapuri. The third fort was attacked out by troops Holy War. Finally the third castle can be captured by the troops of Holy War in 1881. The Netherlands can be beaten back from the third fort and finally fortifications in Lambaro, Aneuk Galong, and Samahani. During the period of 1882-1883 occurred a tremendous battle between the two parties. TGK forces Chik Di Tiro a lot of progress. Some can be captured from the Dutch fortress like castle in Krueng Raja and Kadju. Because of the strong pressure TGK forces Chik Di Tiro, then finally the Dutch were withdrawing from one of the strongest fortress during the time in Aneuk Galong and retreated to Lambaro and Keutapang two. To defend against the Netherlands makes a line extending from Kuta concentration Pohama to Keutapang Two. TGK Chik Di Tiro tried to capture it from the sea, but has not succeeded.On March 5, 1883 Governor Van Der Hoeven told the central government in Java on the condition of Aceh. But then the governor is instead replaced by Tobias Laging PF on 16 March 1883. During his reign the Netherlands face serious problems until he issued a report saying that the Dutch in Aceh almost desperate (Sofyan, 1990: 57). At that time, TGK Chik Di Tiro had also attacked Kutaraja, although not successfully capture it. A Dutch controuler J.P. Van der Lith died while Pang Nyak commander of the Aceh killed Hasan (Sofyan, 1990: 35). Dutch saw almost fell, TGK Chik Di Tiro gave an ultimatum to the Netherlands by sending a letter to Assistant Resident Van Langen in 1885 to conduct peace. TGK Chik Di Tiro willing to make peace with the Netherlands if the Dutch are willing to convert to Islam. However, this letter does not receive any reaction from the Dutch. For three years, peace letter filed by TGK Chik Di Tiro is not reciprocated. On May 1888, he sent another letter in the same tone to the Netherlands. But this time no effort TGK Chik Di Tiro invites Netherlands to make peace by inviting them to Islam did not succeed. Similarly, the Dutch effort to invite scholars have reconciled and are willing to dwell in Kutaraja unsuccessful. Finally TGK Chik Di Tiro was thereafter never again invite reconciled to the Netherlands. Since the failure of TGK Chik Di Tiro called for peace with the Netherlands has been ongoing fighting in various places around the city such as the lord and Peukan Krueng Tjoet. Of the battles that have taken place in many places do not know how many losses falling on the Dutch side, there is no exact figure. During the ruling Dutch Governor Van Teijn use the strategy of "Wait and See" is waiting until circumstances change. In fact the strategy adopted this Dutch results are far from the expected. The Netherlands is often hit back at many battles. Finally, to compensate pasukarr Aceh Netherlands form a new army corps called Marsose Corps under the leadership of J. Notten on 2 April 1890.Although the Netherlands formed a corps Marsose TGK Chik Di Tiro continue to fight against the Netherlands no less fierce compared to previous years. The spirit of the troops was never dashed against the Netherlands. During 1890 TGK TGK son Muhammad Amin Chik Di Tiro oldest already co-led troops. Several times he got injured and had to be transported to Aneuk Galong.
Final StruggleKnowing that the soul of Holy War contained in TGK Chik Di Tiro, the Netherlands attempted to kill these scholars. Dutch back finesse pitting where one noble ambition to become commander sagi being used to kill the cleric. TGK Chik Di Tiro invited to Tui Seilemeung and in the fortress that these scholars were given poisoned food. TGK Chik Di Tiro then fell ill. On January 25, 1891 This cleric died in Aneuk Galong. Struggle forwarded by other children. None can be said to be among the children who were not involved in the war against the Dutch. Greatness and influence of this family can be described as claimed by Zentgraaf (1982) as follows. "There is not one family Acehpun that time, which was so great in the Aceh War, in addition to the family of scholars Tiro, nor any other Acehnese families, who continued the struggle until the last drop of blood, in addition to the family. This family in the war, an operation targeted attack our army, which is a portion of the most impressive in the history of the war in Aceh and can be a source of stories of heroism "
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